-
1 Bevan, Edward John
[br]b. 11 December 1856 Birkenhead, Englandd. 17 October 1921 London, England[br]English co-inventor of the " viscose rayon " process for making artificial silk.[br]Bevan began his working life as a chemist in a soap works at Runcorn, but later studied chemistry at Owens College, Manchester. It was there that he met and formed a friendship with C.F. Cross, with whom he started to work on cellulose. Bevan moved to a paper mill in Scotland but then went south to London, where he and Cross set up a partnership in 1885 as consulting and analytical chemists. Their work was mainly concerned with the industrial utilization of cellulose, and with the problems of the paper and jute industries. Their joint publication, A Text-book of Paper-making, which first appeared in 1888 and went into several editions, became the standard reference and textbook on the subject. The book has a long introductory chapter on cellulose.In 1892 Cross, Bevan and Clayton Beadle discovered viscose, or sodium cellulose xanthate, and took out the patent which was to be the foundation of the "viscose rayon" industry. They had their own laboratory at Station Avenue, Kew Gardens, where they carried out much work that eventually resulted in viscose: cellulose, usually in the form of wood pulp, was treated first with caustic soda and then with carbon disulphide to form the xanthate, which was then dissolved in a solution of dilute caustic soda to produce a viscous liquid. After being aged, the viscose was extruded through fine holes in a spinneret and coagulated in a dilute acid to regenerate the cellulose as spinnable fibres. At first there was no suggestion of spinning it into fibre, but the hope was to use it for filaments in incandescent electric light bulbs. The sheen on the fibres suggested their possible use in textiles and the term "artificial silk" was later introduced. Cross and Bevan also discovered the acetate "Celanese", which was cellulose triacetate dissolved in acetone and spun in air, but both inventions needed much development before they could be produced commercially.In 1892 Bevan turned from cellulose to food and drugs and left the partnership to become Public Analyst to Middlesex County Council, a post he held until his death, although in 1895 he and Cross published their important work Cellulose. He was prominent in the affairs of the Society of Public Analysts and became one of its officials.[br]Bibliography1888, with C.F.Cross, A Text-book of Papermaking.1892, with C.F.Cross and C.Beadle, British patent no. 8,700 (viscose). 1895, with C.F.Cross, Cellulose.Further ReadingObituary, 1921, Journal of the Chemical Society.Obituary, 1921, Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry.Edwin J.Beer, 1962–3, "The birth of viscose rayon", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 35 (an account of the problems of developing viscose rayon; Beer worked under Cross in the Kew laboratories).RLH -
2 Textiles
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Dore, Samuel GriswoldHeilmann, JosuéLevers, JohnLister, Samuel CunliffeMa JunSong Yingxing -
3 Synthetic materials
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]
См. также в других словарях:
Edward John Bevan — (December 11, 1856 – October 17, 1921) was an English chemist. He became a leader in the affairs of the Society of Public Analysts and editor of The Analyst.Bevan was notable for his caustic wit. He was born in Birkenhead. After graduating, he… … Wikipedia
Edward Bevan — may refer to:*Edward Latham Bevan (1861 1934) first bishop of the Swansea and Brecon diocese *Edward John Bevan (1856 1921) a British chemist *Edward Vaughan Bevan (1907 1988) a British doctor and Olympic gold medallist in rowing … Wikipedia
John Campbell (biographer) — John Campbell is a British political writer and biographer.His works include biographies of Aneurin Bevan, Edward Heath, and Margaret Thatcher, the last consisting of 2 books, The Grocer s Daughter and The Iron Lady … Wikipedia
Bevan — Infobox Given Name Revised name = Bevan imagesize= caption= pronunciation= gender = meaning = region = origin = related names = Beavan, Bevin footnotes = Bevan is a name of Welsh origin, derived from ab Evan meaning son of Evan .*First… … Wikipedia
John Key — im März 2008 John Philip Key (* 9. August 1961 in Auckland) ist seit dem 19. November 2008 der 38. Premierminister von Neuseeland. Er gehört der konservativen New Zealand National Party an. Inhaltsverzeichnis … Deutsch Wikipedia
John Lander (rower) — John Gerard Heath Lander (September 7, 1907 ndash; December 25, 1941) was a British rower. He attended Shrewsbury School and then Trinity College, Cambridge, where he rowed for the First Trinity Boat Club. With Edward Vaughan Bevan, Richard… … Wikipedia
Edward Vaughan Bevan — Dr. Edward Vaughan Bevan (November 31907 February 221988) was a British rower and a doctor. During the 1920s, he attended Trinity College, Cambridge [http://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/index.php?pageid=427 Trinity College Olympians] ] , where he rowed… … Wikipedia
Bevan — This interesting surname, of Welsh origin, with variant spellings Bevan, Bevin, Bevon, Beavan, Beaven and Beavon, is a patronymic from the given name Ifan, Evan, meaning John, itself coming from the Hebrew name Yochanan, Jehovah has favoured (me… … Surnames reference
John Major — For other people named John Major, see John Major (disambiguation). The Right Honourable Sir John Major KG CH ACIB Major in 2 … Wikipedia
John Beckett (politician) — Infobox Politician name = John Warburton Beckett width = height = caption = birth date = 1894 birth place = residence = death date = 1964 death place = office = Member of Parliament term start = 1924 term end = 1929 predecessor = John Purcell… … Wikipedia
Aneurin Bevan — The Right Honourable Aneurin Bevan Deputy Leader of the Labour Party In office 4 May 1959 – 6 July 1960 Leader … Wikipedia
